Monolithic silicon for high spatiotemporal translational photostimulation
Published in Nature, 2024
Electrode-based electrical stimulation underpins clinical bioelectronic devices, but leadless multisite stimulation remains constrained by technical difficulties of electrode arrays. Optogenetics offers optically controlled random access, but clinical translation is challenging. We show tunable spatiotemporal photostimulation of cardiac systems using a non-genetic platform based on semiconductor-enabled biomodulation interfaces. Through spatiotemporal profiling of photoelectrochemical currents, we assess the magnitude, precision, accuracy, and resolution of photostimulation across four leadless silicon-based monolithic photoelectrochemical devices. We demonstrate the platform through optical overdrive pacing of cultured cardiomyocytes, isolated rat hearts, in vivo rat and mouse hearts, and — for the first time — a pig heart in vivo, via a custom endoscopic delivery device enabling closed-thoracic operation.
Recommended citation: Pengju Li, Jing Zhang, Hidenori Hayashi, Jiping Yue, Wen Li, et al., Bozhi Tian. (2024). "Monolithic silicon for high spatiotemporal translational photostimulation." Nature.
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